Physical crude oil trading involves the actual purchase, sale, and physical delivery of oil cargoes from producers to refiners or traders, distinct from paper or financial trading. In Southeast Asia, this market thrives on regional production from fields in Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Brunei, alongside imports routed through key hubs like Singapore. We break down […]
Essential Lifesaving Appliances Every Vessel Must Maintain Under SOLAS
Every SOLAS‑certified vessel must carry and maintain a set of lifesaving appliances that protect people from the moment an emergency begins until rescue is complete. This article gives vessel owners, managers, and HSE teams a clear, practical overview of the essential equipment required under SOLAS and the LSA Code, and what it takes to keep […]
How to Choose the Right Firefighting System for Offshore Facilities: A Practical, Risk-Based Guide
Offshore facilities face unique fire hazards, harsh marine conditions, and strict regulatory requirements. Selecting the right firefighting system involves balancing hazard coverage, regulatory compliance, integration with other safety systems, and lifecycle costs to ensure safety, reliability, and minimal downtime. This guide provides a practical framework, a ready-to-use decision matrix, and real-world guidance aligned with SOLAS, […]
Automatic Identification System: Types and Working
Introduction The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a shipborne tracking technology that enhances maritime safety by transmitting and receiving vessel information through VHF frequencies. AIS allows ships and coastal authorities to identify, monitor, and track vessels in real time, significantly improving situational awareness. Although AIS improves navigation safety, it is only an aid—it cannot replace […]
Understanding the Prow of a Ship
Introduction: Understanding Ship Geometry In naval architecture, the hull is divided into three regions: The parallel middle body is where the hull edges appear linear and continuous, while the bow and stern represent the more curved forward and aft regions. Within this forward region lies a critical feature: the prow. What Is the Prow of […]
Margin Lines in Naval Architecture
Introduction: Damage Stability and Safety Margins In naval architecture, damage stability is one of the most important considerations in vessel design. It deals with the ways a ship might sink or lose stability if physical damage causes water ingress into watertight spaces. Two primary methods exist for assessing damage stability: Since 2009, all dry cargo […]